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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kapaŋam | om kapaŋ |
| 2SG: | kapaŋat | ot kapaŋ |
| 3SG: | kapaŋeš | ok/ogeš kapaŋ |
| 1PL: | kapaŋə̑na | ona/ogə̑na kapaŋ |
| 2PL: | kapaŋə̑da | oda/ogə̑da kapaŋ |
| 3PL: | kapaŋə̑t | ogə̑t kapaŋ |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kapaŋə̑m | šə̑m kapaŋ |
| 2SG: | kapaŋə̑č́ | šə̑č́ kapaŋ |
| 3SG: | kapaŋe | ə̑š kapaŋ |
| 1PL: | kapaŋna | ə̑šna kapaŋ |
| 2PL: | kapaŋda | ə̑šda kapaŋ |
| 3PL: | kapaŋə̑č́ | ə̑št kapaŋ |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kapaŋə̑nam | kapaŋə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | kapaŋə̑nat | kapaŋə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | kapaŋə̑n | kapaŋə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | kapaŋə̑nna | kapaŋə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | kapaŋə̑nda | kapaŋə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | kapaŋə̑nə̑t | kapaŋə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kapaŋam ə̑l'e | om kapaŋ ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kapaŋat ə̑l'e | ot kapaŋ ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kapaŋeš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš kapaŋ ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kapaŋə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na kapaŋ ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kapaŋə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da kapaŋ ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kapaŋə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t kapaŋ ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kapaŋam ulmaš | om kapaŋ ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kapaŋat ulmaš | ot kapaŋ ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kapaŋeš ulmaš | ok/ogeš kapaŋ ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kapaŋə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na kapaŋ ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kapaŋə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da kapaŋ ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kapaŋə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t kapaŋ ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kapaŋə̑nam ə̑l'e | kapaŋə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kapaŋə̑nat ə̑l'e | kapaŋə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kapaŋə̑n ə̑l'e | kapaŋə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kapaŋə̑nna ə̑l'e | kapaŋə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kapaŋə̑nda ə̑l'e | kapaŋə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kapaŋə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | kapaŋə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kapaŋə̑nam ulmaš | kapaŋə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kapaŋə̑nat ulmaš | kapaŋə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kapaŋə̑n ulmaš | kapaŋə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kapaŋə̑nna ulmaš | kapaŋə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kapaŋə̑nda ulmaš | kapaŋə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kapaŋə̑nə̑t ulmaš | kapaŋə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kapaŋ | it kapaŋ |
| 3SG: | kapaŋže | ə̑nže kapaŋ |
| 1PL: | (kapaŋə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na kapaŋ) |
| 2PL: | kapaŋza | ida kapaŋ |
| 3PL: | kapaŋə̑št | ə̑nə̑št kapaŋ |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kapaŋnem | ə̑nem kapaŋ |
| 2SG: | kapaŋnet | ə̑net kapaŋ |
| 3SG: | kapaŋneže | ə̑než kapaŋ |
| 1PL: | kapaŋnena | ə̑nena kapaŋ |
| 2PL: | kapaŋneda | ə̑neda kapaŋ |
| 3PL: | kapaŋnešt | ə̑nešt kapaŋ |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kapaŋnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem kapaŋ ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kapaŋnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net kapaŋ ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kapaŋneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než kapaŋ ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kapaŋnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena kapaŋ ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kapaŋneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda kapaŋ ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kapaŋnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt kapaŋ ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kapaŋnet ulmaš | ə̑net kapaŋ ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kapaŋneže ulmaš | ə̑než kapaŋ ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | kapaŋneda ulmaš | ə̑neda kapaŋ ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kapaŋnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt kapaŋ ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | kapaŋaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | kapaŋman |
| Active participle: | kapaŋše |
| Passive participle: | kapaŋme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | kapaŋšaš |
| Negative participle: | kapaŋdə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | kapaŋə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | kapaŋde |
| Gerund of prior action: | kapaŋmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | kapaŋmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | kapaŋšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | kapaŋmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | kapaŋdə̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||